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形容词与副词
一、形容词在句子中的作用
1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)
I like this red dress very much.(定语)
She is beautiful. (表语)
The patient is asleep. (表语)
Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语)
I've got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)
I said it would happen, sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)
2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但有少数形容词只能作表语。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.
二、副词在句子中的作用
副词在句子中主要作状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately, he wasn't at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)
Luckily, she wasn't injured in the accident.(修饰整个句子)
Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)
I can hardly agree with you.(修饰动词)
He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)
alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content.
三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er , -est.
如:small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest.
2、以e结尾的词加-r , -st .
如:larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest.
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i 再加-er , -est .
如:busy,busier, busiest; heavy,heavier, heaviest; happy,happier, happiest.
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写该辅音字母,再加-er, -est .(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)
如:big,bigger, biggest; thin,thinner, thinnest; hot,hotter, hottest.
双音节词,多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more, most.
如:difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful.
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